Smart cane prototype for people with visual impairment: Design, implementation and evaluation

Abstract

This article describes the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a smart cane for people with visual impairments, based on an integrated electronic system. The prototype incorporates an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for the detection of terrain irregularities and obstacles on public roads. The signal is processed by an Arduino Nano microcontroller and transformed into a vibration signal that alerts the user to the presence of obstacles. The device also includes a Neopixel LED light strip controlled by a light sensor (LDR), which automatically activates in low light conditions to improve the visibility of the user by other pedestrians. It also has an audible alert system that activates when the cane falls from his hand, making it easier to locate. The development process was organized using a methodology based on prototypes and key results-based planning (OKR), which allowed for a structured and efficient execution. Tests conducted in simulated urban environments validated the system's operation, highlighting its usefulness as an accessible tool to support independent mobility in contexts with poor infrastructure.